Which term describes errors that follow a predictable pattern and can be corrected over time?

The term that describes errors following a predictable pattern, which can be identified and corrected over time, is systematic error. Systematic errors arise from consistent, repeatable issues in measurement, such as instrument calibration errors or consistent biases due to environmental factors. Since these errors have a predictable nature, surveyors can often establish the cause of the inaccuracies and implement corrections to improve overall measurement accuracy.

In contrast, random errors occur due to unpredictable variations that can happen in any measurement process. They are typically caused by factors that are difficult to control and do not follow a consistent pattern, making them harder to correct. Gross errors are significant mistakes often resulting from human errors, such as misreading instruments or incorrect data entry, which are usually identified and accounted for post-measurement. Human errors are specific mistakes made by operators and can lead to inaccuracies, but they do not represent systematic issues that can be routinely corrected over time.

Thus, systematic errors are distinguished by their predictability and the ability to implement corrections, making this the correct answer.